When did michael jackson die3/5/2023 ![]() ![]() It's very difficult to administer safely even in the most controlled settings. Recreationally, a lot of people die from this. We see it as they go off to sleep and as they wake up. It can also cause hallucinations, because whatever is in a person's head is more likely to be seen. It reduces inhibition, people get giddy, and whatever thoughts they have on their mind, they tell you. When it first came out it was very obvious that it causes euphoria. The drug also has some reportedly pleasant side effects, such as euphoria. This had nothing to do with the medical care of a patient, which is a situation in which you have things to make it safe, so it's not even in the ballpark of normal use. How it was used here, we call it recreational use. I have heard nothing about how he had had training to use the drug. So as a cardiologist and personal physician to Michael Jackson, is it likely that Conrad Murray did not have the proper training to administer this type of drug safely? If I'm inducing anesthesia, it will act inside of 60 seconds. We can do it, but that's what we're trained and educated to do-it's not easy. So even in trained hands, it is very difficult to titrate just where you want. It can affect the breathing even before unconsciousness. It changes the body's state very rapidly so that the patient will go unconscious and stop breathing. Unlike other sedatives, this drug has an extraordinarily narrow safety margin. This works as other general anesthetics work, acting on receptors in the brain-possibly the GABA receptors, because that is a mechanism for a lot of sleepiness in the brain.Īre there negative side effects that propofol can have-even when it is used as directed and in a proper setting? We don't know exactly how general anesthesia works. ![]() So the use as a sleep aid is way off the mark. This is meant to be used by anesthesiologists in a clinical setting. This puts people into general anesthesia-a sleeping aid doesn't do that. How does it differ from more commonly used sedatives? Propofol is not your run-of-the-mill sleeping aid. Given Jackson's apparently substantial admixture of meds and oft-discussed medical conditions, why was propofol the most likely candidate for his death-and can it be used more safely? To find out, Scientific American spoke with Beverly Philip, a professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. And according to testimony from a paramedic that responded to the 911 call and found Jackson without a pulse, Murray did not mention giving Jackson anything other than the lorazepam. Although Murray was using a device to keep tabs on Jackson's vitals, as is recommended while using a general anesthetic, the fingertip pulse and blood-oxygen monitor he used is "specifically labeled against continuous monitoring," said an executive from Nonin Medical, Inc., which makes the $275 device, CNN reported Friday. Prosecutors are following this line of evidence, arguing that Murray should be held responsible for Jackson's death because he lacked adequate justification, expertise and equipment for giving this powerful drug to his client (who was reportedly aiming to stay rested in preparation for a comeback tour). The standard of care for administering porpofol was not met." The propofol was administered in a nonhospital setting without any appropriate medical indication. To support the weighty pronouncement of homicide, the medical examiner concluded that: "circumstances indicate that propofol and the benzodiazepines were administered by another. In addition to propofol (a hypnotic drug used for general anesthesia, sedation and in veterinary medicine) the examiner also found traces of lorazepam (a benzodiazepine drug used to treat anxiety and insomnia) midazolam (another benzodiazepine, indicated for insomnia and medical sedation) lidocaine (a local anesthetic often included with propofol to relieve injection pain) diazepam (a benzodiazepine to treat anxiety, insomnia and alcohol withdrawal) and nordiazepam (a benzodiazepine-derived sedative, often used to treat anxiety) in Jackson's bloodstream. It will be up to them to decide if they agree with the Los Angeles County coroner's office, which labeled Jackson's death a homicide.Īccording to the 2009 autopsy report ( pdf), "the cause of death is acute propofol intoxication," which caused the singer to stop breathing. In the first week of the trial of Conrad Murray, Michael Jackson's physician, Los Angeles jurors heard audio recordings of the late pop star's slurred speech, in addition to the litany of prescription drugs he had taken in the hours and weeks prior to his June 25, 2009, death. ![]()
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